diff --git a/connections/clients/windows/bluetooth_classic_server_socket_test.cc b/connections/clients/windows/bluetooth_classic_server_socket_test.cc
index c764908b..7e7b3580 100644
--- a/connections/clients/windows/bluetooth_classic_server_socket_test.cc
+++ b/connections/clients/windows/bluetooth_classic_server_socket_test.cc
@@ -30,15 +30,14 @@
 
 namespace location::nearby::windows {
 
-using location::nearby::ByteArray;
-using location::nearby::CountDownLatch;
-using location::nearby::connections::AdvertisingOptions;
-using location::nearby::connections::ConnectionListener;
-using location::nearby::connections::ConnectionRequestInfo;
-using location::nearby::connections::Core;
-using location::nearby::connections::ServiceControllerRouter;
-using location::nearby::connections::Status;
-using location::nearby::connections::Strategy;
+using ::location::nearby::ByteArray;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::AdvertisingOptions;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::ConnectionListener;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::ConnectionRequestInfo;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::Core;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::ServiceControllerRouter;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::Status;
+using ::location::nearby::connections::Strategy;
 
 constexpr absl::string_view SERVICE_ID =
     "com.google.location.nearby.apps.helloconnections";
diff --git a/connections/clients/windows/medium_selector_w.h b/connections/clients/windows/medium_selector_w.h
index 9cf056c3..15321380 100644
--- a/connections/clients/windows/medium_selector_w.h
+++ b/connections/clients/windows/medium_selector_w.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 namespace location::nearby::windows {
 
-using MediumW = location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
+using MediumW = ::location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
 
 // Generic type: allows definition of a feature T for every Medium.
 template <typename T>
diff --git a/connections/implementation/analytics/throughput_recorder.h b/connections/implementation/analytics/throughput_recorder.h
index 312c3b67..c76ac7d0 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/analytics/throughput_recorder.h
+++ b/connections/implementation/analytics/throughput_recorder.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace location {
 namespace nearby {
 namespace analytics {
 
-using Medium = location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
+using Medium = ::location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
 using PayloadType = connections::PayloadType;
 
 class ThroughputRecorder {
diff --git a/connections/implementation/base_bwu_handler_test.cc b/connections/implementation/base_bwu_handler_test.cc
index f882566e..991bd524 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/base_bwu_handler_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/base_bwu_handler_test.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace {
 // pure virtual functions in order to test BaseBwuHandler's bookkeeping logic.
 class BwuHandlerImpl : public BaseBwuHandler {
  public:
-  using Medium = location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
+  using Medium = ::location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
 
   // The arguments passed to the BwuHandler methods. Not all values are set
   // for every method.
diff --git a/connections/implementation/fake_bwu_handler.h b/connections/implementation/fake_bwu_handler.h
index 12114869..3e6b4614 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/fake_bwu_handler.h
+++ b/connections/implementation/fake_bwu_handler.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace connections {
 // HandleInitializeUpgradedMediumForEndpoint call.
 class FakeBwuHandler : public BaseBwuHandler {
  public:
-  using Medium = location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
+  using Medium = ::location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
 
   // The arguments passed to the BwuHandler methods. Not all values are set for
   // every method.
diff --git a/connections/implementation/fake_endpoint_channel.h b/connections/implementation/fake_endpoint_channel.h
index f2f63bca..4c68b0d2 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/fake_endpoint_channel.h
+++ b/connections/implementation/fake_endpoint_channel.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace connections {
 // output can be set.
 class FakeEndpointChannel : public EndpointChannel {
  public:
-  using Medium = location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
+  using Medium = ::location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
 
   FakeEndpointChannel(Medium medium, const std::string& service_id)
       : medium_(medium), service_id_(service_id) {}
diff --git a/connections/implementation/internal_payload_factory.cc b/connections/implementation/internal_payload_factory.cc
index 618e492b..dbcf00d5 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/internal_payload_factory.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/internal_payload_factory.cc
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ class IncomingFileInternalPayload : public InternalPayload {
 
 }  // namespace
 
-using location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
-using location::nearby::api::OSName;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
+using ::location::nearby::api::OSName;
 
 std::unique_ptr<InternalPayload> CreateOutgoingInternalPayload(
     Payload payload) {
diff --git a/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/signaling_frames.cc b/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/signaling_frames.cc
index c3498eea..c8077c51 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/signaling_frames.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/signaling_frames.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace nearby {
 namespace connections {
 namespace mediums {
 namespace webrtc_frames {
-using WebRtcSignalingFrame = location::nearby::mediums::WebRtcSignalingFrame;
+using WebRtcSignalingFrame = ::location::nearby::mediums::WebRtcSignalingFrame;
 
 namespace {
 
diff --git a/connections/implementation/offline_frames_validator.cc b/connections/implementation/offline_frames_validator.cc
index f7c8d00e..47c99ad4 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/offline_frames_validator.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/offline_frames_validator.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ using WifiAwareCredentials = UpgradePathInfo::WifiAwareCredentials;
 using WifiDirectCredentials = UpgradePathInfo::WifiDirectCredentials;
 using BluetoothCredentials = UpgradePathInfo::BluetoothCredentials;
 using WebRtcCredentials = UpgradePathInfo::WebRtcCredentials;
-using Medium = location::nearby::connections::Medium;
+using Medium = ::location::nearby::connections::Medium;
 
 constexpr absl::string_view kIpv4PatternString{
     "^([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\."
diff --git a/connections/medium_selector.h b/connections/medium_selector.h
index 3d66458a..4fd92590 100644
--- a/connections/medium_selector.h
+++ b/connections/medium_selector.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace location {
 namespace nearby {
 namespace connections {
 
-using Medium = location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
+using Medium = ::location::nearby::proto::connections::Medium;
 
 // Generic type: allows definition of a feature T for every Medium.
 template <typename T>
diff --git a/internal/platform/byte_array_test.cc b/internal/platform/byte_array_test.cc
index 5b05978e..b7c29bce 100644
--- a/internal/platform/byte_array_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/byte_array_test.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-using location::nearby::ByteArray;
+using ::location::nearby::ByteArray;
 
 TEST(ByteArrayTest, DefaultSizeIsZero) {
   ByteArray bytes;
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCMultiThreadExecutorTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCMultiThreadExecutorTest.mm
index f27dd5c5..37a9e086 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCMultiThreadExecutorTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCMultiThreadExecutorTest.mm
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #include "internal/platform/implementation/submittable_executor.h"
 #include "internal/platform/runnable.h"
 
-using location::nearby::Runnable;
-using location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
-using MultiThreadExecutor = location::nearby::api::SubmittableExecutor;
+using ::location::nearby::Runnable;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
+using MultiThreadExecutor = ::location::nearby::api::SubmittableExecutor;
 
 @interface GNCMultiThreadExecutorTest : XCTestCase
 @property(atomic) int counter;
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCScheduledExecutorTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCScheduledExecutorTest.mm
index 1c7b3e39..9b247101 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCScheduledExecutorTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCScheduledExecutorTest.mm
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #include "internal/platform/implementation/scheduled_executor.h"
 #include "internal/platform/runnable.h"
 
-using location::nearby::Runnable;
-using location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
-using location::nearby::api::ScheduledExecutor;
+using ::location::nearby::Runnable;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ScheduledExecutor;
 
 @interface GNCScheduledExecutorTest : XCTestCase
 @property(atomic) int counter;
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCSingleThreadExecutorTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCSingleThreadExecutorTest.mm
index 1a347321..8265ea05 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCSingleThreadExecutorTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCSingleThreadExecutorTest.mm
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #include "internal/platform/implementation/submittable_executor.h"
 #include "internal/platform/runnable.h"
 
-using location::nearby::Runnable;
-using location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
-using SingleThreadExecutor = location::nearby::api::SubmittableExecutor;
+using ::location::nearby::Runnable;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ImplementationPlatform;
+using SingleThreadExecutor = ::location::nearby::api::SubmittableExecutor;
 
 @interface GNCSingleThreadExecutorTest : XCTestCase
 @property(atomic) int counter;
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCUtilsTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCUtilsTest.mm
index fb924ee7..b9791def 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCUtilsTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/ios/Tests/GNCUtilsTest.mm
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 #include "internal/platform/byte_array.h"
 #include "internal/platform/implementation/ios/utils.h"
 
-using location::nearby::ByteArray;
-using location::nearby::ByteArrayFromNSData;
-using location::nearby::CppStringFromObjCString;
-using location::nearby::ObjCStringFromCppString;
+using ::location::nearby::ByteArray;
+using ::location::nearby::ByteArrayFromNSData;
+using ::location::nearby::CppStringFromObjCString;
+using ::location::nearby::ObjCStringFromCppString;
 
 @interface GNCUtilsTest : XCTestCase
 @end
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_classic_medium_test.cc b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_classic_medium_test.cc
index 5c735700..f731723a 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_classic_medium_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_classic_medium_test.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 // STOP/HANG AND IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR DEBUG AND DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES. DO NOT
 // ATTEMPT TO BUILD AND RUN THIS TEST ON GOOGLE3 YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED
 
-using location::nearby::windows::BluetoothDevice;
+using ::location::nearby::windows::BluetoothDevice;
 
 typedef std::map<const std::string, location::nearby::api::BluetoothDevice*>
     DeviceMap;
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/utils_test.cc b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/utils_test.cc
index 62594bc3..71ab7d15 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/utils_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/utils_test.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-// using location::nearby::windows::uint64_to_mac_address_string;
+// using ::location::nearby::windows::uint64_to_mac_address_string;
 namespace location {
 namespace nearby {
 namespace windows {
diff --git a/internal/platform/wifi_utils.h b/internal/platform/wifi_utils.h
index a7b90454..ceca9730 100644
--- a/internal/platform/wifi_utils.h
+++ b/internal/platform/wifi_utils.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 namespace location {
 namespace nearby {
 
-using location::nearby::api::WifiBandType;
+using ::location::nearby::api::WifiBandType;
 
 class WifiUtils {
  public:
diff --git a/presence/implementation/mediums/ble_test.cc b/presence/implementation/mediums/ble_test.cc
index 6fa3ec0c..c9d1610a 100644
--- a/presence/implementation/mediums/ble_test.cc
+++ b/presence/implementation/mediums/ble_test.cc
@@ -35,22 +35,22 @@ namespace nearby {
 namespace presence {
 namespace {
 
-using FeatureFlags = location::nearby::FeatureFlags::Flags;
-using BleOperationStatus = location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleOperationStatus;
+using FeatureFlags = ::location::nearby::FeatureFlags::Flags;
+using BleOperationStatus = ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleOperationStatus;
 using BleV2MediumStatus =
-    location::nearby::MediumEnvironment::BleV2MediumStatus;
+    ::location::nearby::MediumEnvironment::BleV2MediumStatus;
 using ScanningSession =
-    location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::ScanningSession;
-using TxPowerLevel = location::nearby::api::ble_v2::TxPowerLevel;
+    ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::ScanningSession;
+using TxPowerLevel = ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::TxPowerLevel;
 using ScanningCallback =
-    location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::ScanningCallback;
-using Uuid = location::nearby::Uuid;
-using location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleAdvertisementData;
-using location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BlePeripheral;
+    ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::ScanningCallback;
+using Uuid = ::location::nearby::Uuid;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleAdvertisementData;
+using ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BlePeripheral;
 using AdvertisingCallback =
-    location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::AdvertisingCallback;
+    ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::AdvertisingCallback;
 using AdvertisingSession =
-    location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::AdvertisingSession;
+    ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::AdvertisingSession;
 
 constexpr FeatureFlags kTestCases[] = {
     FeatureFlags{},
diff --git a/presence/implementation/scan_manager_test.cc b/presence/implementation/scan_manager_test.cc
index 72506ae8..5428dc45 100644
--- a/presence/implementation/scan_manager_test.cc
+++ b/presence/implementation/scan_manager_test.cc
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ using AdvertisingSession =
 using AdvertisingCallback =
     ::location::nearby::api::ble_v2::BleMedium::AdvertisingCallback;
 
-using CountDownLatch = location::nearby::CountDownLatch;
+using CountDownLatch = ::location::nearby::CountDownLatch;
 
 class ScanManagerTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
diff --git a/presence/implementation/service_controller_impl_test.cc b/presence/implementation/service_controller_impl_test.cc
index 68e239e4..bf40050d 100644
--- a/presence/implementation/service_controller_impl_test.cc
+++ b/presence/implementation/service_controller_impl_test.cc
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ namespace nearby {
 namespace presence {
 namespace {
 
-using FeatureFlags = location::nearby::FeatureFlags::Flags;
+using FeatureFlags = ::location::nearby::FeatureFlags::Flags;
 using internal::IdentityType;
-using location::nearby::MediumEnvironment;
+using ::location::nearby::MediumEnvironment;
 
 constexpr FeatureFlags kTestCases[] = {
     FeatureFlags{},