diff --git a/connections/implementation/base_endpoint_channel_test.cc b/connections/implementation/base_endpoint_channel_test.cc
index 984354ac..a1bad6e0 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/base_endpoint_channel_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/base_endpoint_channel_test.cc
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ std::function<void()> MakeDataPump(
       if (monitor) {
         monitor(read_response.result());
       }
-      auto write_response = output->Write(read_response.result());
+      auto write_response =
+          output->Write(read_response.result().AsStringView());
       if (write_response.Raised()) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Peer writer closed on '" << label << "'";
         input->Close();
diff --git a/connections/implementation/encryption_runner_test.cc b/connections/implementation/encryption_runner_test.cc
index 84b22493..d0cec875 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/encryption_runner_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/encryption_runner_test.cc
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ class FakeEndpointChannel : public EndpointChannel {
   }
   Exception Write(const ByteArray& data) override {
     write_timestamp_ = SystemClock::ElapsedRealtime();
-    return out_ ? out_->Write(data) : Exception{Exception::kIo};
+    return out_ ? out_->Write(data.AsStringView()) : Exception{Exception::kIo};
   }
   Exception Write(const ByteArray& data,
                   PacketMetaData& packet_meta_data) override {
     write_timestamp_ = SystemClock::ElapsedRealtime();
-    return out_ ? out_->Write(data) : Exception{Exception::kIo};
+    return out_ ? out_->Write(data.AsStringView()) : Exception{Exception::kIo};
   }
   void Close() override {
     if (in_) in_->Close();
diff --git a/connections/implementation/endpoint_channel_manager_test.cc b/connections/implementation/endpoint_channel_manager_test.cc
index e7344b42..23f61bd4 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/endpoint_channel_manager_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/endpoint_channel_manager_test.cc
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ std::function<void()> MakeDataPump(
       if (monitor) {
         monitor(read_response.result());
       }
-      auto write_response = output->Write(read_response.result());
+      auto write_response =
+          output->Write(read_response.result().AsStringView());
       if (write_response.Raised()) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Peer writer closed on '" << label << "'";
         input->Close();
diff --git a/connections/implementation/mediums/ble/ble_l2cap_packet_test.cc b/connections/implementation/mediums/ble/ble_l2cap_packet_test.cc
index f5e6cc5b..cabad797 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/mediums/ble/ble_l2cap_packet_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/mediums/ble/ble_l2cap_packet_test.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "connections/implementation/mediums/ble/ble_l2cap_packet.h"
 
 #include <string>
-#include <utility>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromBytesWithInvalidLengthAdvertisement) {
 TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamFailsReadCommand) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{});
+  output->Write("");
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamRequestAdvertisement) {
       BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForRequestAdvertisement(std::string(kServiceID));
   ASSERT_TRUE(byte_array.ok());
 
-  output->Write(*byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array->AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamZeroDataLength) {
           1, static_cast<char>(BleL2capPacket::Command::kRequestAdvertisement)),
       std::string("\x00\x00", 2));
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{std::move(out)});
+  output->Write(out);
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest,
           1, static_cast<char>(BleL2capPacket::Command::kRequestAdvertisement)),
       std::string("\x00\x01", 2));
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{std::move(out)});
+  output->Write(out);
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamFailsReadServiceIdHash) {
           1, static_cast<char>(BleL2capPacket::Command::kRequestAdvertisement)),
       std::string("\x00\x03", 2));
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{std::move(out)});
+  output->Write(out);
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -273,7 +272,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamRequestAdvertisementFinish) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
   auto byte_array = BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForRequestAdvertisementFinish();
 
-  output->Write(byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array.AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamResponseAdvertisement) {
       BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForResponseAdvertisement(advertisement);
   ASSERT_TRUE(byte_array.ok());
 
-  output->Write(*byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array->AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -306,7 +305,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest,
                          BleL2capPacket::Command::kResponseAdvertisement)),
       "\xFF\xFF");
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{std::move(out)});
+  output->Write(out);
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamFailsReadAdvertisement) {
                          BleL2capPacket::Command::kResponseAdvertisement)),
       std::string("\x00\x0a", 2));
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{std::move(out)});
+  output->Write(out);
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamResponseLargeAdvertisement) {
       BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForResponseAdvertisement(advertisement);
   ASSERT_TRUE(byte_array.ok());
 
-  output->Write(*byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array->AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -348,7 +347,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamServiceIdNotFound) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
   auto byte_array = BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForServiceIdNotFound();
 
-  output->Write(byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array.AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -360,7 +359,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamRequestDataConnection) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
   auto byte_array = BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForRequestDataConnection();
 
-  output->Write(byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array.AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -372,7 +371,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamDataConnectionReady) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
   auto byte_array = BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForDataConnectionReady();
 
-  output->Write(byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array.AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -384,7 +383,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamDataConnectionFailure) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
   auto byte_array = BleL2capPacket::ByteArrayForDataConnectionFailure();
 
-  output->Write(byte_array);
+  output->Write(byte_array.AsStringView());
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
@@ -396,7 +395,7 @@ TEST(BleL2capPacketTest, CreateFromStreamUnsupportedCommand) {
   auto [input, output] = nearby::CreatePipe();
   std::string out = absl::StrCat(std::string(1, static_cast<char>(0XFF)));
 
-  output->Write(ByteArray{std::move(out)});
+  output->Write(out);
   output->Close();
 
   auto ble_l2cap_packet = BleL2capPacket::CreateFromStream(*input);
diff --git a/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/connection_flow_test.cc b/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/connection_flow_test.cc
index 6630b7f2..64a7766d 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/connection_flow_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/connection_flow_test.cc
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 #include "connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/connection_flow.h"
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "absl/time/time.h"
 #include "connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/data_channel_listener.h"
 #include "connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc/local_ice_candidate_listener.h"
@@ -130,13 +130,12 @@ TEST_F(ConnectionFlowTest, SuccessfulOfferAnswerFlow) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(answerer_socket.ok());
 
   // Send message on data channel
-  const char message[] = "Test";
-  offerer_socket.result().GetImpl().GetOutputStream().Write(
-      ByteArray(message, 4));
+  absl::string_view message = "Test";
+  offerer_socket.result().GetImpl().GetOutputStream().Write(message);
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_message =
       answerer_socket.result().GetImpl().GetInputStream().Read(4);
   EXPECT_TRUE(received_message.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(received_message.result(), ByteArray{message});
+  EXPECT_EQ(received_message.result(), ByteArray{message.data()});
 }
 
 TEST_F(ConnectionFlowTest, CreateAnswerBeforeOfferReceived) {
@@ -338,8 +337,8 @@ TEST_F(ConnectionFlowTest, TerminateAnswerer) {
   latch.Await();
 
   // Send message on data channel
-  std::string message = "Test";
-  offerer_socket.result().GetOutputStream().Write(ByteArray{message});
+  absl::string_view message = "Test";
+  offerer_socket.result().GetOutputStream().Write(message);
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_message =
       answerer_socket.result().GetInputStream().Read(4);
   EXPECT_TRUE(received_message.GetResult().Empty());
@@ -429,8 +428,8 @@ TEST_F(ConnectionFlowTest, TerminateOfferer) {
   latch.Await();
 
   // Send message on data channel
-  std::string message = "Test";
-  offerer_socket.result().GetOutputStream().Write(ByteArray{message});
+  absl::string_view message = "Test";
+  offerer_socket.result().GetOutputStream().Write(message);
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_message =
       answerer_socket.result().GetInputStream().Read(4);
   EXPECT_TRUE(received_message.GetResult().Empty());
diff --git a/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc_test.cc b/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc_test.cc
index 719dbb2b..061dbd4c 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc_test.cc
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "protobuf-matchers/protocol-buffer-matchers.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc_peer_id.h"
 #include "connections/implementation/mediums/webrtc_socket.h"
 #include "internal/platform/byte_array.h"
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectBothDevices_ShutdownSignaling_SendData) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message xyz");
+  absl::string_view message("message xyz");
 
   receiver.StartAcceptingConnections(
       service_id, self_id, location_hint,
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectBothDevices_ShutdownSignaling_SendData) {
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_msg =
       receiver_socket.GetInputStream().Read(/*size=*/32);
   ASSERT_TRUE(received_msg.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result().AsStringView());
   env_.Stop();
 }
 
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, CanCancelConnect) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message");
+  absl::string_view message("message");
 
   receiver.StartAcceptingConnections(
       service_id, self_id, location_hint,
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, CanCancelConnect) {
     ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_msg =
         receiver_socket.GetInputStream().Read(/*size=*/32);
     ASSERT_TRUE(received_msg.ok());
-    EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result());
+    EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result().AsStringView());
 
     receiver_socket.Close();
   } else {
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectTwice) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message xyz");
+  absl::string_view message("message xyz");
 
   receiver.StartAcceptingConnections(
       service_id, self_id, location_hint,
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectTwice) {
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_msg =
       receiver_socket.GetInputStream().Read(/*size=*/32);
   ASSERT_TRUE(received_msg.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result().AsStringView());
 
   receiver_socket.Close();
   env_.Stop();
@@ -324,7 +325,6 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectBothDevicesAndAbort) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message xyz");
 
   receiver.StartAcceptingConnections(
       service_id, self_id, location_hint,
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectBothDevicesAndSendData) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message");
+  absl::string_view message("message");
 
   receiver.StartAcceptingConnections(
       service_id, self_id, location_hint,
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, ConnectBothDevicesAndSendData) {
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> received_msg =
       receiver_socket.GetInputStream().Read(/*size=*/32);
   ASSERT_TRUE(received_msg.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message, received_msg.result().AsStringView());
 
   receiver_socket.Close();
   env_.Stop();
@@ -461,7 +461,6 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, CancelDuringConnect) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message");
 
   CancellationFlag receiver_flag;
   std::unique_ptr<WebRtc> receiver = std::make_unique<TestWebRtc>(
@@ -518,7 +517,6 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, CancelBeforeConnect) {
   const std::string service_id("NearbySharing");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message");
 
   CancellationFlag receiver_flag;
   std::unique_ptr<WebRtc> receiver = std::make_unique<TestWebRtc>(
@@ -566,7 +564,6 @@ TEST_P(WebRtcTest, CancelDuringConnect_MultipleConnect) {
   const std::string ph_service_id("PhoneHub");
   LocationHint location_hint;
   Future<bool> connected;
-  ByteArray message("message xyz");
 
   CancellationFlag receiver_flag;
   std::unique_ptr<WebRtc> receiver = std::make_unique<TestWebRtc>(
diff --git a/connections/implementation/offline_service_controller_test.cc b/connections/implementation/offline_service_controller_test.cc
index 0462b9ef..d82d1893 100644
--- a/connections/implementation/offline_service_controller_test.cc
+++ b/connections/implementation/offline_service_controller_test.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "internal/flags/nearby_flags.h"
 #include "internal/platform/byte_array.h"
 #include "internal/platform/count_down_latch.h"
+#include "internal/platform/implementation/system_clock.h"
 #include "internal/platform/input_stream.h"
 #include "internal/platform/logging.h"
 #include "internal/platform/medium_environment.h"
@@ -335,19 +336,18 @@ TEST_P(OfflineServiceControllerTest, CanSendStreamPayload) {
   OfflineSimulationUser user_b(kDeviceB, GetParam());
   user_b.ExpectPayload(payload_latch_);
   ASSERT_TRUE(SetupConnection(user_a, user_b));
-  ByteArray message(std::string{kMessage});
   auto [input, tx] = CreatePipe();
   user_a.SendPayload(Payload(std::move(input)));
-  tx->Write(message);
+  tx->Write(kMessage);
   EXPECT_TRUE(payload_latch_.Await(kLongTimeout));
   ASSERT_NE(user_b.GetPayload().AsStream(), nullptr);
   InputStream& rx = *user_b.GetPayload().AsStream();
   ASSERT_TRUE(user_b.WaitForProgress(
-      [size = message.size()](const PayloadProgressInfo& info) -> bool {
+      [size = kMessage.size()](const PayloadProgressInfo& info) -> bool {
         return info.bytes_transferred >= size;
       },
       kLongTimeout));
-  EXPECT_EQ(rx.Read(kChunkSize).result(), message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(rx.Read(kChunkSize).result().AsStringView(), kMessage);
   user_a.Stop();
   user_b.Stop();
   env_.Stop();
@@ -359,23 +359,22 @@ TEST_P(OfflineServiceControllerTest, CanCancelStreamPayload) {
   OfflineSimulationUser user_b(kDeviceB, GetParam());
   user_b.ExpectPayload(payload_latch_);
   ASSERT_TRUE(SetupConnection(user_a, user_b));
-  ByteArray message(std::string{kMessage});
   auto [input, tx] = CreatePipe();
   user_a.SendPayload(Payload(std::move(input)));
-  tx->Write(message);
+  tx->Write(kMessage);
   EXPECT_TRUE(payload_latch_.Await(kLongTimeout));
   ASSERT_NE(user_b.GetPayload().AsStream(), nullptr);
   InputStream& rx = *user_b.GetPayload().AsStream();
   ASSERT_TRUE(user_b.WaitForProgress(
-      [size = message.size()](const PayloadProgressInfo& info) -> bool {
+      [size = kMessage.size()](const PayloadProgressInfo& info) -> bool {
         return info.bytes_transferred >= size;
       },
       kLongTimeout));
-  EXPECT_EQ(rx.Read(kChunkSize).result(), message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(rx.Read(kChunkSize).result().AsStringView(), kMessage);
   user_b.CancelPayload();
   absl::Time start_time = SystemClock::ElapsedRealtime();
   while (true) {
-    if (!tx->Write(message).Ok()) break;
+    if (!tx->Write(kMessage).Ok()) break;
     absl::Duration run_time = SystemClock::ElapsedRealtime() - start_time;
     if (run_time >= kLongTimeout) {
       EXPECT_LT(run_time, kLongTimeout);
diff --git a/internal/platform/bluetooth_classic_test.cc b/internal/platform/bluetooth_classic_test.cc
index cf372f0b..f9cdae73 100644
--- a/internal/platform/bluetooth_classic_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/bluetooth_classic_test.cc
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ TEST_F(BluetoothClassicMediumTest, SendData) {
       bt_b_->ListenForService(service_name, service_uuid);
   ASSERT_TRUE(server_socket.IsValid());
   {
-    ByteArray data("data");
+    absl::string_view data("data");
     CancellationFlag flag;
     SingleThreadExecutor server_executor;
     SingleThreadExecutor client_executor;
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ TEST_F(BluetoothClassicMediumTest, SendData) {
           socket_b.GetInputStream().Read(data.size());
       ASSERT_EQ(result.exception(), Exception::kSuccess);
       ASSERT_TRUE(result.ok());
-      EXPECT_EQ(result.GetResult(), data);
+      EXPECT_EQ(result.GetResult().AsStringView(), data);
     });
   }
   server_socket.Close();
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ TEST_F(BluetoothClassicMediumTest, IoOnClosedSocketReturnsEmpty) {
       bt_b_->ListenForService(service_name, service_uuid);
   ASSERT_TRUE(server_socket.IsValid());
   {
-    ByteArray data("data");
+    absl::string_view data("data");
     CancellationFlag flag;
     SingleThreadExecutor server_executor;
     SingleThreadExecutor client_executor;
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCAwdlMediumTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCAwdlMediumTest.mm
index 09e107ad..4ea125a8 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCAwdlMediumTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCAwdlMediumTest.mm
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ static const int kTestPort = 1234;
 
   // Test output stream.
   nearby::OutputStream& outputStream = clientSocket->GetOutputStream();
-  nearby::ByteArray writeData("write data");
+  absl::string_view writeData("write data");
   XCTAssertTrue(outputStream.Write(writeData).Ok());
   XCTAssertEqualObjects(fakeSocket.writtenData,
                         [@"write data" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiHotspotMediumTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiHotspotMediumTest.mm
index 90389fb1..59687ab1 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiHotspotMediumTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiHotspotMediumTest.mm
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ const char kIPAddress[] = "192.168.1.2";
       _hotspotMedium->ConnectToService(_service_address, &cancellationFlag);
   GNCFakeNWFrameworkSocket *fakeSocket = _fakeNWFramework.sockets.firstObject;
   NSData *data = [@"TestData" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-  nearby::ByteArray byteArray(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data.bytes), data.length);
+  absl::string_view data_str(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data.bytes), data.length);
 
-  nearby::Exception writeResult = socket->GetOutputStream().Write(byteArray);
+  nearby::Exception writeResult = socket->GetOutputStream().Write(data_str);
 
   XCTAssertTrue(writeResult.Ok());
   XCTAssertEqualObjects(fakeSocket.writtenData, data);
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiLanMediumTest.mm b/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiLanMediumTest.mm
index 12ca47e1..1d581fb2 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiLanMediumTest.mm
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/apple/Tests/GNCWifiLanMediumTest.mm
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 
   // Test output stream.
   nearby::OutputStream& outputStream = clientSocket->GetOutputStream();
-  nearby::ByteArray writeData("write data");
+  absl::string_view writeData("write data");
   XCTAssertTrue(outputStream.Write(writeData).Ok());
   XCTAssertEqualObjects(fakeSocket.writtenData,
                         [@"write data" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_adapter.cc b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_adapter.cc
index 14338542..0d757b2d 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_adapter.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/bluetooth_adapter.cc
@@ -389,9 +389,7 @@ void BluetoothAdapter::StoreRadioNames(absl::string_view original_radio_name,
     VLOG(1) << __func__
             << ": saved settings: " << encoded_local_settings.dump();
 
-    ByteArray data(encoded_local_settings.dump());
-
-    settings_file->Write(data);
+    settings_file->Write(encoded_local_settings.dump());
     settings_file->Close();
   } catch (const winrt::hresult_error &ex) {
     LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": exception:" << ex.code() << ": "
diff --git a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/platform_test.cc b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/platform_test.cc
index bbf44446..b83b85c3 100644
--- a/internal/platform/implementation/windows/platform_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/implementation/windows/platform_test.cc
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ TEST(PlatformTest, CreateOutputFileWithUnixPathSeparator) {
   std::unique_ptr<OutputFile> output_file =
       ImplementationPlatform::CreateOutputFile("C:\\tmp\\path1/path2\\x.txt");
   EXPECT_NE(output_file, nullptr);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(output_file->Write(ByteArray("test")).Ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(output_file->Write("test").Ok());
 }
 
 TEST(PlatformTest, GetAppDataPath) {
diff --git a/internal/platform/output_stream.h b/internal/platform/output_stream.h
index 9feaccea..ed52f68b 100644
--- a/internal/platform/output_stream.h
+++ b/internal/platform/output_stream.h
@@ -15,16 +15,12 @@
 #ifndef PLATFORM_BASE_OUTPUT_STREAM_H_
 #define PLATFORM_BASE_OUTPUT_STREAM_H_
 
-#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
-#include "internal/platform/byte_array.h"
 #include "internal/platform/exception.h"
 
 namespace nearby {
 
 // An OutputStream represents an output stream of bytes.
-//
-// https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/OutputStream.html
 class OutputStream {
  public:
   virtual ~OutputStream() = default;
@@ -32,9 +28,6 @@ class OutputStream {
   virtual Exception Write(absl::string_view data) = 0;  // throws Exception::kIo
   virtual Exception Flush() = 0;                       // throws Exception::kIo
   virtual Exception Close() = 0;                       // throws Exception::kIo
-
-  ABSL_DEPRECATED("Use the absl::string_view overload instead.")
-  Exception Write(const ByteArray& data) { return Write(data.AsStringView()); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace nearby
diff --git a/internal/platform/wifi_direct_test.cc b/internal/platform/wifi_direct_test.cc
index b2fa52ad..fc14c90e 100644
--- a/internal/platform/wifi_direct_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/wifi_direct_test.cc
@@ -183,15 +183,14 @@ TEST_P(WifiDirectMediumTest, CanStartDirectGOThatOtherCanConnect) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(socket_b.IsValid());
   InputStream& in_stream = socket_a.GetInputStream();
   OutputStream& out_stream = socket_b.GetOutputStream();
-  std::string data(kData);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(out_stream.Write(ByteArray(data)).Ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(out_stream.Write(kData).Ok());
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> read_data = in_stream.Read(kChunkSize);
   EXPECT_TRUE(read_data.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(read_data.result()), data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(read_data.result().AsStringView(), kData);
 
   socket_a.Close();
   socket_b.Close();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(out_stream.Write(ByteArray(data)).Ok());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(out_stream.Write(kData).Ok());
   read_data = in_stream.Read(kChunkSize);
   EXPECT_TRUE(read_data.GetResult().Empty());
 
diff --git a/internal/platform/wifi_hotspot_test.cc b/internal/platform/wifi_hotspot_test.cc
index cdae41e1..ff4a76b3 100644
--- a/internal/platform/wifi_hotspot_test.cc
+++ b/internal/platform/wifi_hotspot_test.cc
@@ -19,17 +19,12 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "gmock/gmock.h"
-#include "protobuf-matchers/protocol-buffer-matchers.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
-#include "absl/time/clock.h"
 #include "internal/platform/byte_array.h"
 #include "internal/platform/cancellation_flag.h"
-#include "internal/platform/count_down_latch.h"
 #include "internal/platform/exception.h"
 #include "internal/platform/input_stream.h"
-#include "internal/platform/logging.h"
 #include "internal/platform/medium_environment.h"
 #include "internal/platform/output_stream.h"
 #include "internal/platform/single_thread_executor.h"
@@ -51,7 +46,6 @@ constexpr FeatureFlags kTestCases[] = {
 
 constexpr absl::string_view kSsid = "Direct-357a2d8c";
 constexpr absl::string_view kPassword = "b592f7d3";
-constexpr int kFrequency = 2412;
 constexpr absl::string_view kData = "ABCD";
 constexpr const size_t kChunkSize = 10;
 
@@ -175,15 +169,14 @@ TEST_P(WifiHotspotMediumTest, CanStartHotspotThatOtherConnect) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(socket_b.IsValid());
   InputStream& in_stream = socket_a.GetInputStream();
   OutputStream& out_stream = socket_b.GetOutputStream();
-  std::string data(kData);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(out_stream.Write(ByteArray(data)).Ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(out_stream.Write(kData).Ok());
   ExceptionOr<ByteArray> read_data = in_stream.Read(kChunkSize);
   EXPECT_TRUE(read_data.ok());
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(read_data.result()), data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(read_data.result().AsStringView(), kData);
 
   socket_a.Close();
   socket_b.Close();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(out_stream.Write(ByteArray(data)).Ok());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(out_stream.Write(kData).Ok());
   read_data = in_stream.Read(kChunkSize);
   EXPECT_TRUE(read_data.GetResult().Empty());